Abstract

Type your abstract text here. The font is Palatino Linotype 10. All manuscripts must be accompanied by an abstract which briefly summarizes the reasons for the work, the experimental plans, the main results and conclusions of the study. The optimal length is one paragraph (100–250 words). Since the abstract is indexed in many databases it should be self-contained without any undefined abbreviations or any cited references.

KEYWORDS

Type keywords (4 to 6 keywords) here. The font is Palatino Linotype 10

Instructions for using the template

You can simply type your text into this template or modify an already prepared manuscript based on the template formatting.

All Schemes, Equations, Figures, and Tables should be mentioned in the text consecutively and numbered with Arabic numerals, and appear below where they are mentioned for the first time in the main text. To insert Schemes, Equations, Figures, and Tables, create a new break line and paste the resized artworks where desired. Do not modify the amount of space before and after the artworks. One- or two-column format artworks are preferred.

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T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).

Before submitting your manuscript, you need to delete all of the instructions and examples from the template that are not needed. Make sure that all pages have page numbers. Ensure that all parts of the manuscript are presented clearly.

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Acknowledgements

The font is Palatino Linotype 10. Acknowledgements should be inserted at the end of manuscript, before the references. This part should be brief, clear, and should not include any anonyms, titles or effusive comments. Grant or contribution numbers may be acknowledged. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.

(If the article has Supplementary Material, please add the paragraph below between the Acknowledgements and References sections).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material (please give brief details, e.g. further details of the annealing and oxidation procedures, STM measurements, AFM imaging and Raman spectroscopy measurements) is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-***-****-* (automatically inserted by the publisher).