Architecture Robots & 3D Printers

Although much has been written about downsizing, total quality management (TQM), re‐engineering and organizational learning, relatively little of this writing has focused on the implications of these innovations for human resource management (HRM), with even less on HRM strategy. Following a discussion of the relevant literature, a study is reported in which 56 percent of 161 Australian organizations were found to have been involved with two or more of these change programs. The mere presence of these change programs appeared to have only a minor relationship with HRM‐related variables. These change programs did appear, however, to be related to perceived HRM effectiveness where they affected HRM in a way that increased the total level of strategy across the various areas of HRM.

Fig.1. Overview of Electric Turbocharger and Supercharger for Downsized Internal Combustion Engines (Semantic Scholar.com)

The turbocharging is powered by the exhaust gases. One side of the turbo is located at the exhaust manifold, the other at the engine’s air intake, and it contains two small fans joined by a shaft. As exhaust passes through the turbo, it spins one fan, called the turbine.(If you’re finding the subject Engineering thesis topic like this. Kindly connect with us)

This in turn spins the second fan, called the compressor, which draws in fresh air, pressurizes it, and forces it into the engine. The difference between atmospheric pressure and the amount of air pressure the turbo provides is known as boost, and is measured in pounds per square inch (psi). One of the issues with turbocharging is that air heats up as it’s compressed, and that’s the opposite of what you want. Cool air is more oxygen-dense, and so it can be mixed with more fuel and still combust properly in the cylinder. Automakers add a heat exchanger called an intercooler to the turbo system, which absorbs heat and reduces the temperature of the air entering the engine’s cylinders.